Перевод и анализ слов искусственным интеллектом ChatGPT
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- этимология
Что (кто) такое upwelling$503896$ - определение
![Upwelling in the [[Southern Ocean]]}}](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Antarctic bottom water.svg?width=200 "Upwelling in the [[Southern Ocean]]}}")
![During an [[El Niño]], wind indirectly drives warm water to the South American coast, reducing the effects of cold upwelling](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/El Niño Conditions.jpg?width=200 "During an [[El Niño]], wind indirectly drives warm water to the South American coast, reducing the effects of cold upwelling")
![Effects of equatorial upwelling on surface chlorophyll concentrations in the [[Pacific ocean]]}}](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Equatorial upwelling zone in the Pacific ocean.gif?width=200 "Effects of equatorial upwelling on surface chlorophyll concentrations in the [[Pacific ocean]]}}")
![The [[pelagic food web]], showing the central involvement of [[marine microorganism]]s in how the ocean imports carbon and then exports it back to the atmosphere and ocean floor}}](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Oceanic Food Web.jpg?width=200 "The [[pelagic food web]], showing the central involvement of [[marine microorganism]]s in how the ocean imports carbon and then exports it back to the atmosphere and ocean floor}}")
![Transferring [[land rights]] to indigenous inhabitants is argued to efficiently conserve forests.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Shennongjia virgin forest.jpg?width=200 "Transferring [[land rights]] to indigenous inhabitants is argued to efficiently conserve forests.")
Википедия
Upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water from deep water towards the ocean surface. It replaces the warmer and usually nutrient-depleted surface water. The nutrient-rich upwelled water stimulates the growth and reproduction of primary producers such as phytoplankton. The biomass of phytoplankton and the presence of cool water in those regions allow upwelling zones to be identified by cool sea surface temperatures (SST) and high concentrations of chlorophyll-a.
The increased availability of nutrients in upwelling regions results in high levels of primary production and thus fishery production. Approximately 25% of the total global marine fish catches come from five upwellings, which occupy only 5% of the total ocean area. Upwellings that are driven by coastal currents or diverging open ocean have the greatest impact on nutrient-enriched waters and global fishery yields.
